Journal of Vascular Surgery
Volume 51, Issue 3 , Pages 639-646 , March 2010

Elevated sex steroid hormones in great saphenous veins in men

A part of the investigation data was accepted for presentation at the XVI World Meeting of the Union Internationale de Phlébologie, Fiftieth Anniversary, Monaco, Aug 31-Sept 4, 2009.

  • Michael Kendler, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Michael Kendler, MD, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Medical Center, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 23, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
    • ,
  • Evgenia Makrantonaki, MD

      Affiliations

    • Departments of Dermatology, Venerology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Dessau, Germany
    • Laboratory for Biogerontology, Dermato-Pharmacology and Dermato-Endocrinology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
    • ,
  • Jürgen Kratzsch, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
    • ,
  • Ulf Anderegg, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
    • ,
  • Tino Wetzig, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
    • ,
  • Christos Zouboulis, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Departments of Dermatology, Venerology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Dessau, Germany
    • Laboratory for Biogerontology, Dermato-Pharmacology and Dermato-Endocrinology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
    • ,
  • Jan C. Simon, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany

Received 20 May 2009 ,Accepted 18 July 2009.

References 

  1. Meissner MH, Gloviczki P, Bergan J, Kistner RL, Morrison N, Pannier F, et al. Primary chronic venous disorders. J Vasc Surg. 2007;46:54S–67S
  2. Bradbury A, Evans C, Allan P, Lee A, Ruckley CV, Fowkers FGR. What are the symptoms of varicose veins? (Edinburgh vein study cross sectional population survey). Br Med J. 1999;319:353–356
  3. Rabe E, Pannier-Fischer F, Bromen K, Schuldt K, Stang A, Poncar CH, et al. Bonner Studie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Phlebologie (Epidemiologische Untersuchung zur Frage der Häufigkeit und Ausprägung von chorischen Venenkrankheiten in der städtischen und ländlichen Wohnbevölkerung). Phlebologie. 2003;32:1–14
  4. Maurins U, Hoffmann BH, Lösch C, Jöckel KH, Rabe E, Pannier F. Distribution and prevalence of reflux in the superficial and deep venous system in the general population—results from the Bonn Vein Study, Germany. J Vasc Surg. 2008;48:680–687
  5. Brand FN, Dannenberg AL, Abbott RD, Kannel WB. The epidemiology of varicose veins: the Framingham Study. Am J Prev Med. 1988;4:96–101
  6. Bergan JJ, Schmid-Schönbein GW, Smith PD, Nicolaides AN, Boisseau MR, Eklof B. Chronic venous disease. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:488–498
  7. Ciardullo AV, Panico S, Bellati C, Rubba P, Rinaldi S, Iannnuzzi A, et al. High endogenous estradiol is associated with increased venous distensibility and clinical evidence of varicose veins in menopausal women. J Vasc Surg. 2000;32:544–549
  8. Bromen K, Pannier-Fischer F, Stang A, Rabe E, Bock E, Jockel KH. Should sex specific differences in venous diseases be explained by pregnancies and hormone intake. Gesundheitswesen. 2004;66:170–174
  9. Kendler M, Blendinger CH, Haas E. Elevated serum estradiol/testosterone ratio in men with primary varicose compared with a healthy control group. Angiology. 2009;60:283–289
  10. Howell RG, Burton JL. Decreased fertility in men with venous stasis of the legs. Lancet. 1982;18:630–631
  11. Oswald M, Heintz C, Wohlaib U. How to prove incompetence of the ovarian vein as a source of varicogenesis by testing the hormone content of the varicose veins of the leg. Phlebolymphology. 1999;Special issue for European Congress of UIP, Bremen
  12. Labropoulos N, Tiongson J, Pryor L, Tassiopoulos AK, Kang SS, Ashraf Mansour M, et al. Definition of venous reflux in lower-extremity veins. J Vasc Surg. 2003;38:793–798
  13. Frajese GV, De Martino MU, Calcagni E, Pastore R, Caprio M, Bultrini A, et al. The epidemiology of partialandrogen deficiency in aging men (PADAM). J Endocrinol Invest. 2005;28(suppl):3–7
  14. Raffetto JD, Khalil RA. Mechanisms of varicose vein formation: valve dysfunction and wall dilation. Phlebology. 2008;23:85–98
  15. Vanhoutte PM, Corcaud S, de Montrion C. Venous disease: from pathophysiology to quality of life. Angiology. 1997;48:559–567
  16. Kisch D, Dienes HP, Küchle R, Duschner H, Wahl H, Böttger T, et al. Changes in the extracellular matrix, of the vein wall: the cause of primary varicosis?. Vasa. 2000;29:173–177
  17. Bergqvist A, Bergqvist D, Fernö M. Estrogen and progesterone receptors in vessel walls. Act Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1993;72:10–15
  18. van den Beld AW, Bots ML, Janssen JA, Pols HA, Lamberts SW, Grobbee DE. Endogenous hormones and carotid atherosclerosis in elderly men. Am J Epidemiol. 2003;157:25–31
  19. English KM, Mandour O, Steeds RP, Diver MJ, Jones TH, Channer KS. Men with coronary artery disease have lower levels of androgens than men with normal coronary angiograms. Eur Heart J. 2000;21:890–894
  20. Krasinski Z, Dzieciuschowicz L, Kotwicka M, Gabriel M, Szcesniak-Chmielecka A, Krasinska B, et al. Sex hormone receptros in varicose veins of women with premenstrual syndrome. Phlebologie. 2008;37:68–72
  21. Schmidt JB, Seidl K, Spona J. [Hormone interactions in varicose veins-receptor analysis and hormone level]. German Vasa. 1986;15:224–227
  22. Mashiah A, Berman V, Thole HH, Rose SS, Pasik S, Schwarz H, et al. Estrogen and progesterone receptors in normal and varicose saphenous veins. Cardiovasc Surg. 1999;7:327–331
  23. Perrot-Applanat M, Cohen-Solal K, Milgrom E, Finet M. Progesterone receptor expression in human saphenous veins. Circulation. 1995;92:2975–2983
  24. Chawla A, Repa JJ, Evans RM, Mangelsdorf DJ. Nuclear receptors and lipid physiology: opening the X-files. Science. 2001;294:1866–1870
  25. Göttlicher M, Heck S, Herrlich P. Transcriptional cross-talk, the second mode of steroid hormone receptor action. J Mol Med. 1998;76:480–489
  26. Benten WP, Stephan C, Lieberherr M, Wunderlich F. Estradiol signaling via sequestrable surface receptors. Endocrinology. 2001;142:1669–1677
  27. Giannoukas AD, Labropoulos N, Stavridis G, Bailey D, Glenville B, Nicolaides AN. Pre-bypass quality assessment of the long saphenous vein wall with ultrasound and histology. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 1997;14:37–40
  28. Sudhir K, Komesaroff PA. Clinical review 110: cardiovascular actions of estrogens in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84:3411–3415
  29. Villar IC, Hobbs AJ, Ahluwalia A. Sex differences in vascular function: implication of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor. J Endocrinol. 2008;197:447–462
  30. Canonico M, Plu-Bureau G, Lowe GD, Scarabin PY. Hormone replacement therapy and risk of venous thromboembolism in postmenopausal women: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2008;336:1227–1231
  31. Schreiber G, Ziemer M. The aging male—diagnosis and therapy of late-onset hypogonadism. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2008;6:273–279
  32. Oettel M. Testosterone metabolism, dose-response relationships and receptor polymorphisms: selected pharmacological/toxicological considerations on benefits versus risks of testosterone therapy in men. Aging Male. 2003;6:230–256
  33. Zouboulis CC, Chen WC, Thornton MJ, Qin K, Rosenfield R. Sexual hormones in human skin. Horm Metab Res. 2007;39:85–95
  34. Luu-The V, Bélanger A, Labrie F. Androgen biosynthetic pathways in the human prostate. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;22:207–221
  35. Lamberts SWJ, van den Beld AW, van der Lely AJ. The endocrinology of aging. Science. 1997;278:419–424
  36. Folkman J. Clinical applications of research on angiogenesis (Seminars in medicine of the Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, MA). N Engl J Med. 1995;333:1757–1763

 Competition of interest: none.

 The editors and reviewers of this article have no relevant financial relationships to disclose per the JVS policy that requires reviewers to decline review of any manuscript for which they may have a competition of interest.

PII: S0741-5214(09)02047-3

doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2009.07.128

Journal of Vascular Surgery
Volume 51, Issue 3 , Pages 639-646 , March 2010

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution