Iliac-caval stenting in the obese

Body mass index (BMI) distribution in 87 obese patients who underwent iliac vein stenting for severe venous symptoms.

Cumulative patency of stents placed in limbs of obese patients. Limbs at risk at each time interval are shown in the bottom panel.

Cumulative relief of pain and swelling in limbs after stenting in the obese. Partial relief of pain is defined as an improvement in pain of at least 3/10 on visual analog scale (VAS) after stent placement. Partial improvement in swelling is defined as an improvement of at least one swelling grade on venous severity scoring system after stent placement. Complete relief of pain or swelling indicates that no residual pain or swelling was present after stent placement. The cumulative curves were generated by censoring limbs that did not meet the stated level of symptom thresholds at each time interval. Limbs at risk at each time interval are shown in the bottom panel.

Cumulative freedom from dermatitis/ulcer in CEAP C 4-6 limbs after iliac vein stenting in the obese. Limbs at risk at each time interval are shown in the bottom panel.

Obese patient with bilateral severe dermatitis, hyperpigmentation, and many small ulcers before (left) and five months after staged bilateral iliac vein stent placement (right).

Painful lipedema in obese patient. Pain was completely relieved after iliac vein stenting.

Obese patient with ‘inverted bottle’ leg. Lipodermatosclerosis and scarring has constricted the lower leg with the upper leg remaining large. Severe dermatitis with ulcerations is present circumferentially around the limb.