Early and long-term outcomes of carotid endarterectomy in the very elderly: An 18-year single-center study
Received 19 March 2009; accepted 20 April 2009. published online 06 July 2009.
Objective
To evaluate the perioperative (30-day) and long-term outcomes of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in elderly patients with severe symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid disease. Although the efficacy of CEA in preventing stroke in selected patients has been clearly demonstrated, concern has been expressed about the role of CEA in people over 80 years old.
Methods
An analysis was conducted on a prospectively compiled computerized database of all primary CEAs performed at our institution from 1990 to 2007. Descriptive demographic data, risk factors, surgical details, perioperative strokes and deaths, and other complications were recorded. All patients underwent postoperative duplex ultrasound scanning and clinical follow-up at one, six, and 12 months, and yearly thereafter. Survival analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier life-tables. Long-term relative survival after CEA was assessed against age- and gender-matched controls.
Results
In all, 1769 CEAs were performed in 1562 patients, 193 of them (207 CEAs; group I) were ≥ 80 years old and 1371 were younger (1562 CEAs; group II). All CEA procedures were performed with patients under deep general anesthesia with continuous perioperative EEG monitoring for selective shunting. No strokes or deaths occurred in group I, whereas there were 11 perioperative strokes and three deaths in group II (1%). A complete follow-up (median, 5.2 years) was obtained in 185 elderly patients: no late occlusions or restenoses were detected, while the seven-year freedom from stroke and death were 96.6% and 52.4%, respectively. The relative seven-year survival rate was 99.8%.
Conclusions
CEA in elderly patients proved safe and effective, with an excellent long-term durability. The long-term relative survival after CEA in elderly patients was better than in an age-and gender-matched population, so the likelihood of living long enough to benefit from CEA is not jeopardized by being very elderly.
aVascular Surgery Section, Geriatric Surgery Clinic; Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
bDepartment of Neurological Sciences, University of Padua, School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
Reprint requests: Enzo Ballotta, MD, Vascular Surgery Section, Geriatric Surgery Clinic; Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, School of Medicine, Via N. Giustiniani, 2 35128 Padova, Italy
ABSTRACT