Trends in workforce diversity in vascular surgery programs in the United States

Trends in vascular surgery trainees, 1999-2005. No significant changes seen in the three study groups; females, blacks, and Hispanics. (P = .2, P = .8, and P = .8, respectively).

Trends in general surgery trainees, 1999-2005. Both female and Hispanic trainee participation increased in the seven-year study period. (P < .0001 and P < .0001, respectively).

Trends in female trainees among the three vascular specialties, 1999-2005. No significant trends seen in VS, IR, or IC (P = .2, P = .66, P = .06). IC, Interventional cardiology; IR, Interventional radiology; VS, Vascular surgery.

Trends in black trainees among the three vascular specialties, 1999-2005. IR was the only specialty to show an increase in the number of black participants in training programs (P = .04). IR, Interventional radiology.

Trends in Hispanic trainees among the three vascular specialties, 1999-2005. Again, IR showed an increase in the number of Hispanic trainees (P = .04). IR, Interventional radiology.

Trends among female, black, and Hispanic trainees in orthopedic surgery, 1999-2005. Small, but significant increase seen among female and Hispanic trainees (P = .04 and P = .02).