Randomized comparison of cold blood and cold crystalloid renal perfusion for renal protection during thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair

Flow of study patients. HCA, hypothermic circulatory arrest; LHB, left heart bypass; OR, operating room; TAAA, thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm. *Some patients met more than one exclusion criterion.

Diagram illustrating the circuit used for delivering cold blood renal perfusion.

Representative pattern of change in left kidney temperature during intermittent cold perfusion. This patient received cold blood during an extent III thoracoabdominal aortic repair. Arrows indicate delivery of a cold blood bolus to both renal arteries; the volume infused is indicated above each arrow. Seven boluses (100-300 mL each) were given, providing a total renal perfusion volume of 1300 mL. The initial left kidney temperature was 32.6°C. After perfusion, kidney temperature ranged from 12.5°C to 20.0°C.