Autogenous versus prosthetic vascular access for hemodialysis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives

The autogenous arteriovenous access for chronic hemodialysis is recommended over the prosthetic access because of its longer lifespan. However, more than half of the United States dialysis patients receive a prosthetic access. We conducted a systematic review to summarize the best available evidence comparing the two accesses types in terms of patient-important outcomes.

Methods

We searched electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science and SCOPUS) and included randomized controlled trials and controlled cohort studies. We pooled data for each outcome using a random effects model to estimate the relative risk (RR) and its associated 95% confidence interval (CI). We estimated inconsistency caused by true differences between studies using the I² statistic.

Results

Eighty-three studies, of which 80 were nonrandomized, met eligibility criteria. Compared with the prosthetic access, the autogenous access was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of death (RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.67-0.86; I² = 48%, 27 studies) and access infection (RR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.11-0.31; I² = 93%, 43 studies), and a nonsignificant reduction in the risk of postoperative complications (hematoma, bleeding, pseudoaneurysm and steal syndrome, RR 0.73; 95% CI, 0.48-1.16; I² = 65%, 31 studies) and length of hospitalization (pooled weighted mean difference –3.8 days; 95% CI, –7.8 to 0.2; P = .06). The autogenous access also had better primary and secondary patency at 12 and 36 months.

Conclusion

Low-quality evidence from inconsistent studies with limited protection against bias shows that autogenous access for chronic hemodialysis is superior to prosthetic access.