Journal of Vascular Surgery
Volume 48, Issue 3 , Pages 680-687 , September 2008

Distribution and prevalence of reflux in the superficial and deep venous system in the general population – results from the Bonn Vein Study, Germany

Presented at the Nineteenth Annual Meeting of the American Venous Forum, San Diego, Calif, Feb 14-17, 2007.

  • Uldis Maurins, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, Paula Stradina University Hospital of Riga, Riga, Latvia
  • ,
  • Barbara H. Hoffmann, MD, MPH

      Affiliations

    • Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
  • ,
  • Christian Lösch, Dipl Math

      Affiliations

    • Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
  • ,
  • Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Prof Dr

      Affiliations

    • Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
  • ,
  • Eberhard Rabe, Prof Dr

      Affiliations

    • Department of Dermatology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Eberhard Rabe, Prof Dr, Department of Dermatology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105 Bonn Germany
  • ,
  • Felicitas Pannier, Dr

      Affiliations

    • Department of Dermatology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Bonn, Germany

Received 27 November 2007 ,Accepted 10 April 2008.

References 

  1. Beebe-Dimmer JL, Pfeifer JR, Engle JS, Schottenfeld D. The epidemiology of chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins. Ann Epidemiol 200;15:175-84
  2. Evans CJ, Allan PL, Lee AJ, Bradbury AW, Ruckley CV, Fowkes FG. Prevalence of venous reflux in the general population on duplex scanning: the Edinburgh vein study. J Vasc Surg. 1998;28:767–776
  3. Rabe E, Pannier-Fischer F, Bromen K, Schuldt K, Stang A, Poncar Ch, et al. Bonner Venenstudie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Phlebologie - Epidemiologische Untersuchung zur Frage der Häufigkeit und Ausprägung von chronischen Venenkrankheiten in der städtischen und ländlichen Wohnbevölkerung. Phlebologie. 2003;32:1–14
  4. Porter JM, Gregory LM. Reporting standards in venous disease. J Vasc Surg. 1995;21:635–645
  5. Revision of the CEAP classification for chronic venous disorders: consensus statement. J Vasc Surg. 2004;40:1248–1252
  6. Bellach BM, Knopf H, Thefeld W. Der Bundes-Gesundheitssurvey 1997/98. Gesundheitswesen. 1998;60(Suppl 2):S59–S68
  7. Danielsson G, Eklof B, Grandinetti A, Lurie F, Kistner RL. Deep axial reflux, an important contributor to skin changes or ulcer in chronic venous disease. J Vasc Surg. 2003;38:1336–1341
  8. Haenen JH, van Langen H, Janssen MC, Wollersheim H, van't hof MA, van Asten WN, et al. Venous duplex scanning of the leg: range, variability and reproducibility. Clin Sci (Lond). 1999;96:271–277
  9. Johnson BF, Manzo RA, Bergelin RO, Strandness DE. Relationship between changes in the deep venous system and the development of the postthrombotic syndrome after an acute episode of lower limb deep vein thrombosis: a 1- to 6-year follow-up. J Vasc Surg. 1995;21:307–312
  10. Labropoulos N, Delis KT, Nicolaides AN. Venous reflux in symptom-free vascular surgeons. J Vasc Surg. 1995;22:150–154
  11. Meissner MH, Manzo RA, Bergelin RO, Markel A, Strandness DE. Deep venous insufficiency: the relationship between lysis and subsequent reflux. J Vasc Surg. 1993;18:596–605
  12. van Bemmelen PS, Bedford G, Beach K, Strandness DE. Quantitative segmental evaluation of venous valvular reflux with duplex ultrasound scanning. J Vasc Surg. 1989;10:425–431
  13. Labropoulos N, Delis K, Nicolaides AN, Leon M, Ramaswami G. The role of the distribution and anatomic extent of reflux in the development of signs and symptoms in chronic venous insufficiency. J Vasc Surg. 1996;23:504–510
  14. Araki CT, Back TL, Padberg FT, Thompson PN, Duran WN, Hobson RW. Refinements in the ultrasonic detection of popliteal vein reflux. J Vasc Surg. 1993;18:742–748
  15. Labropoulos N, Tiongson J, Pryor L, Tassiopoulos AK, Kang SS, Ashraf Mansour M, et al. Definition of venous reflux in lower-extremity veins. J Vasc Surg. 2003;38:793–798
  16. Masuda EM, Kistner RL, Eklof B. Prospective study of duplex scanning for venous reflux: comparison of Valsalva and pneumatic cuff techniques in the reverse Trendelenburg and standing positions. J Vasc Surg. 1994;20:711–720
  17. Sarin S, Sommerville K, Farrah J, Scurr JH, Coleridge Smith PD. Duplex ultrasonography for assessment of venous valvular function of the lower limb. Br J Surg. 1994;81:1591–1595
  18. Ruckley CV, Evans CJ, Allan PL, Lee AJ, Fowkes FG. Chronic venous insufficiency: clinical and duplex correlations (The Edinburgh Vein Study of venous disorders in the general population). J Vasc Surg. 2002;36:520–525
  19. Almgren B, Eriksson I. Primary deep venous incompetence in limbs with varicose veins. Acta Chir Scand. 1989;155:455–460
  20. Hanrahan LM, Araki CT, Rodriguez AA, Kechejian GJ, LaMorte WW, Menzoian JO. Distribution of valvular incompetence in patients with venous stasis ulceration. J Vasc Surg. 1991;13:805–811
  21. Labropoulos N, Tassiopoulos AK, Kang SS, Mansour MA, Littooy FN, Baker WH. Prevalence of deep venous reflux in patients with primary superficial vein incompetence. J Vasc Surg. 2000;32:663–668
  22. Welch HJ, Young CM, Semegran AB, Iafrati MD, Mackey WC, O'Donnell TF. Duplex assessment of venous reflux and chronic venous insufficiency: the significance of deep venous reflux. J Vasc Surg. 1996;24:755–762
  23. Yamaki T, Nozaki M, Fujiwara O, Yoshida E. Comparative evaluation of duplex-derived parameters in patients with chronic venous insufficiency: correlation with clinical manifestations. J Am Coll Surg. 2002;195:822–830
  24. Lees TA, Lambert D. Patterns of venous reflux in limbs with skin changes associated with chronic venous insufficiency. Br J Surg. 1993;80:725–728
  25. May R, Thurner J. The cause of the predominately sinistral occurrence of thrombosis of the pelvic veins. Angiology. 1957;8:419–427
  26. Allan PL, Bradbury AW, Evans CJ, Lee AJ, Vaughan Ruckley C, Fowkes FG. Patterns of reflux and severity of varicose veins in the general population—Edinburgh Vein Study. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2000;20:470–477
  27. Labropoulos N, Giannoukas AD, Delis K, Mansour MA, Kang SS, Nicolaides AN, et al. Where does venous reflux start?. J Vasc Surg. 1997;26:736–742
  28. Labropoulos N, Leon M, Geroulakos G, Volteas N, Chan P, Nicolaides AN. Venous hemodynamic abnormalities in patients with leg ulceration. Am J Surg. 1995;169:572–574

 Competition of interest: none.

PII: S0741-5214(08)00630-7

doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2008.04.029

Journal of Vascular Surgery
Volume 48, Issue 3 , Pages 680-687 , September 2008