« Previous
Next »
Journal of Vascular Surgery
Volume 47, Issue 3
, Pages 513-522
, March 2008
Markers of instability in high-risk carotid plaques are reduced by statins
References
- Infarcts of undetermined cause: the NINCDS Stroke Data Bank. Ann Neurol. 1989;25:382–390
- . The symptomatic carotid plaque. Stroke. 2000;31:774–781
- . Inflammation and atherosclerosis. Circulation. 2002;105:1135–1143
- . Atherosclerosis—an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:115–126
- Juxtalumenal location of plaque necrosis and neoformation in symptomatic carotid stenosis. J Vasc Surg. 1997;26:585–594
- . Activated inflammatory cells are associated with plaque rupture in carotid artery stenosis. Surgery. 1997;122:757–763
- Inflammation in high-grade carotid stenosis: a possible role for macrophages and T cells in plaque destabilization. Stroke. 1998;29:1625–1630
- Carotid plaque mast cells associate with atherogenic serum lipids, high grade carotid stenosis and symptomatic carotid artery disease (Results from the Helsinki carotid endarterectomy study). Cerebrovasc Dis. 2005;19:291–301
- . Matrix metalloproteinases in cerebrovascular diseases. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2005;20:141–151
- Altered expression balance of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in human carotid plaque disruption: Results of quantitative tissue analysis using real-time RT-PCR method. Atherosclerosis. 2006;185:165–172
- Reduction of stroke incidence after myocardial infarction with pravastatin: the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) study (The Care Investigators). Circulation. 1999;99:216–223
- Prevention of cardiovascular events and death with pravastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and a broad range of initial cholesterol levels (The Long-Term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischaemic Disease (LIPID) Study Group). N Engl J Med. 1998;339:1349–1357
- Effects of atorvastatin on stroke in patients with unstable angina or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction: a Myocardial Ischemia Reduction with Aggressive Cholesterol Lowering (MIRACL) substudy. Circulation. 2002;106:1690–1695
- . Effects of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin on stroke and other major vascular events in 20536 people with cerebrovascular disease or other high-risk conditions. Lancet. 2004;363:757–767
- High-dose atorvastatin after stroke or transient ischemic attack. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:549–559
- . Statins and stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2005;25:1093–1110
- . Atherosclerosis: anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of statins. Autoimmun Rev. 2003;2:332–338
- . Pleiotropic effects of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitors. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2001;21:1712–1719
- An HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, cerivastatin, suppresses growth of macrophages expressing matrix metalloproteinases and tissue factor in vivo and in vitro. Circulation. 2001;103:276–283
- HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors reduce MMP-9 secretion by macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1998;18:1671–1678
- . Pravastatin treatment increases collagen content and decreases lipid content, inflammation, metalloproteinases, and cell death in human carotid plaques: implications for plaque stabilization. Circulation. 2001;103:926–933
- Statin treatment is not associated with consistent alterations in inflammatory status of carotid atherosclerotic plaques: a retrospective study in 378 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. Stroke. 2006;37:2054–2060
- Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis (North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators). N Engl J Med. 1991;325:445–453
- . Histological assessment of 526 symptomatic carotid plaques in relation to the nature and timing of ischemic symptoms: the Oxford plaque study. Circulation. 2006;113:2320–2328
- Increased matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity in unstable carotid plaques (A potential role in acute plaque disruption). Stroke. 2000;31:40–47
- An HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, cerivastatin, suppresses growth of macrophages expressing matrix metalloproteinases and tissue factor in vivo and in vitro. Circulation. 2001;103:276–283
- Effect of simvastatin on monocyte adhesion molecule expression in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis. 2001;157:505–512
- HMG-CoA reductase inhibition by atorvastatin reduces neointimal inflammation in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;32:2057–2064
- Statins suppress oxidized low density lipoprotein-induced macrophage proliferation by inactivation of the small G protein-p38 MAPK pathway. J Biol Chem. 2005;280:6627–6633
- Expression of tissue factor in high-grade carotid artery stenosis: association with plaque destabilization. Stroke. 2001;32:850–854
- . The symptomatic carotid plaque. Stroke. 2000;31:774–781
- A comparative study of neovascularisation in atherosclerotic plaques using CD31, CD105 and TGF beta 1. Pathobiology. 2006;73:192–197
- . The expression of vascular dendritic cells in human atherosclerotic carotid plaques. Hum Pathol. 2007;38:1378–1385
- . Endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis in relation to clinical subgroups and timing of surgery. Lancet. 2004;363:915–924
- MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2002;360:7–22
- . Statins in stroke prevention and carotid atherosclerosis: systematic review and up-to-date meta-analysis. Stroke. 2004;35:2902–2909
- . Statins and stroke prevention. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2007;24:170–182
Competition of interest: none.
CME article
PII: S0741-5214(07)01892-7
doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2007.11.045
© 2008 The Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
« Previous
Next »
Journal of Vascular Surgery
Volume 47, Issue 3
, Pages 513-522
, March 2008
