Prognostic value of ankle-brachial index and dobutamine stress echocardiography for cardiovascular morbidity and all-cause mortality in patients with peripheral arterial disease

Kaplan-Meier analysis of (A) survival free from the first cardiovascular event and (B) overall survival, for normal ankle-brachial index (ABI, solid line), abnormal ABI (dashed line), and control group (dotted line). The control group (expected) was constructed on the basis of age-specific and sex-specific mortality rates in the United States white population for the period of this study.

Kaplan-Meier analysis of (A and C) survival free from the first cardiovascular event and (B and D) overall survival . A and B, Positive dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE, dashed line) and negative DSE (solid line). C and D, Abnormal DSE (dashed line), normal DSE (solid line), and control group (dotted line). The control group (expected) was constructed on the basis of age-specific and sex-specific mortality rates in the United States white population for the period of this study.

Kaplan-Meier analysis of (A) survival free from the first cardiovascular event and (B) overall survival for normal vascular studies (ankle-brachial index [ABI] ≥0.9), and mild (ABI 0.8 to 0.9), moderate (ABI 0.5 to 0.8), and severe (ABI < 0.5) peripheral arterial disease. *Only 23 (6%) patients had mild peripheral arterial disease.

Linear regression analysis of the correlation between wall motion score index at stress and ankle-brachial index values.