Integrin α_vβ₃ as a target in the prevention of neointimal hyperplasia

Leading animal models of arterial injury. A, The balloon angioplasty model results in a disruptive injury to the intima and media leading to neointimal hyperplastic lesion formation with a significant smooth muscle cell (SMC) contribution from the bone marrow. B, The carotid ligation (flow cessation) model results in little or no disruptive injury to the media. The seminal event appears to be a directional SMC migration from the media to the neointima with little or no contribution from the bone marrow. C, Like the carotid ligation model, the critical event appears to be SMC migration with minimal or no medial disruption and bone marrow contribution.