Surgical revascularization versus endovascular therapy for chronic mesenteric ischemia: A comparative experience

Introduction

Endovascular therapy (percutaneous transluminal angioplasty [PTA] with stenting) has been increasingly applied in patients with chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI) to avoid morbidities associated with open repair (OR). The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes of PTA/Stent vs OR in patients with symptomatic CMI.

Methods

During the interval of January 1991 to December 2005, 80 consecutive patients presenting with symptomatic CMI underwent elective revascularization. Patients with acute mesenteric ischemia or those with mesenteric revascularization performed as part of complex aneurysm repair were excluded. PTA/Stent (with stenting in 87%) was the initial procedure in 31 patients (42 vessels). OR was performed in 49 patients (88 vessels) and consisted of bypass grafting in 31 (63%), transaortic endarterectomy in 7 (14%), patch angioplasty in 4 (8%), or combined in 7 (15%). Mean follow-up was 15 months in the PTA/Stent group and 42 months in the OR cohort. Study end points included perioperative morbidity, mortality, late survival (Kaplan-Meier), and symptomatic and radiographic recurrence.

Results

Baseline comorbidities, with the exception of heart disease (P = .025) and serum albumin <3.5 g/dL (P = .025), were similar between PTA/Stent and OR patients. The PTA/Stent group had fewer vessels revascularized (1.5 vs 1.8 vessels, P = .001). Hospital length of stay was less for the PTA/Stent group (5.6 vs 16.7 days, P = .001). No difference was noted in in-hospital major morbidity (4/31 vs 2/49, P = .23) or mortality (1/31 vs 1/49, P = .74). Actuarial survival at 2 years was similar between the groups (88% PTA/Stent vs 74% OR, P = .28). There was no difference in the incidence of symptomatic (7/31 [23%] vs 11/49 [22%], P =.98) or radiographic recurrence (10/31 [32%] vs 18/49 [37%], P =.40) between the two groups. Radiographic primary patency (58% vs 90%, P = .001) and primary assisted patency (65% vs 96%, P < .001) at 1 year were lower in the PTA/Stent group compared with OR. Five (16%) of 31 PTA/Stent patients compared with 11 (22%) of 49 OR patients required a second intervention on at least one index vessel at any time (P = .49).

Conclusions

Symptomatic recurrence requiring reintervention is common (overall 16/80 [20%]) after open and endovascular treatment for CMI. PTA/Stent was associated with decreased primary patency, primary assisted patency, and the need for earlier reintervention. In-hospital mortality or major morbidity were similar in patients undergoing PTA/Stent and OR. These findings suggest that OR and PTA/Stent should be applied selectively in CMI patients in accordance with individual patient anatomic and comorbidity considerations.