Journal of Vascular Surgery
Volume 44, Issue 4 , Pages 740-746 , October 2006

Early biomechanical changes in lower extremity vein grafts—distinct temporal phases of remodeling and wall stiffness

Presented at the Thirty-second Annual Meeting of The New England Society for Vascular Surgery, Stowe, VT, September 18, 2005.

Received 15 February 2006 ,Accepted 6 June 2006.

References 

  1. Quist WC , LoGerfo FW . Prevention of smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation in vein grafts: a histomorphometric study . J Vasc Surg . 1992;16:225–231
  2. Dobrin PB . Mechanical factors associated with the development of intimal and medial thickening in vein grafts subjected to arterial pressure (A model of arteries exposed to hypertension) . Hypertension . 1995;26:38–43
  3. Dobrin PB , Littooy FN , Golan J , Blakeman B , Fareed J . Mechanical and histologic changes in canine vein grafts . J Surg Res . 1988;44:259–265
  4. Cox JL , Chiasson DA , Gotlieb AI . Stranger in a strange land: the pathogenesis of saphenous vein graft stenosis with emphasis on structural and functional differences between veins and arteries . Prog Cardiovasc Dis . 1991;34:45–68
  5. Zwolak RM , Adams MC , Clowes AW . Kinetics of vein graft hyperplasia: association with tangential stress . J Vasc Surg . 1987;5:126–136
  6. Fillinger MF , Cronenwett JL , Besso S , Walsh DB , Zwolak RM . Vein adaptation to the hemodynamic environment of infrainguinal grafts . J Vasc Surg . 1994;19:970–978 discussion 978-9
  7. Kalra M , Miller VM . Early remodeling of saphenous vein grafts: proliferation, migration and apoptosis of adventitial and medial cells occur simultaneously with changes in graft diameter and blood flow . J Vasc Res . 2000;37:576–584
  8. Bandyk DF . Infrainguinal vein bypass graft surveillance: how to do it, when to intervene, and is it cost-effective? . J Am Coll Surg . 2002;194:S40–S52
  9. Mills JL , Bandyk DF , Gahtan V , Esses GE . The origin of infrainguinal vein graft stenosis: a prospective study based on duplex surveillance . J Vasc Surg . 1995;21:16–22 discussion 22-5
  10. Bandyk DF , Kaebnick HW , Bergamini TM , Moldenhauer P , Towne JB . Hemodynamics of in situ saphenous vein arterial bypass . Arch Surg . 1988;123:477–482
  11. Leotta DF , Primozich JF , Lowe CM , et al.   Measurement of anastomosis geometry in lower extremity bypass grafts with 3-D ultrasound imaging . Ultrasound Med Biol . 2005;31:1305–1315
  12. Leotta DF , Primozich JF , Henderson SM , et al.   Display of spatially-registered Doppler spectral waveforms and three-dimensional vein graft geometry . Ultrasound Med Biol . 2005;31:1317–1326
  13. Jacot JG , Abdullah I , Belkin M , et al.   Early adaptation of human lower extremity vein grafts: wall stiffness changes accompany geometric remodeling . J Vasc Surg . 2004;39:547–555
  14. Chew DK , Owens CD , Belkin M , et al.   Bypass in the absence of ipsilateral greater saphenous vein: safety and superiority of the contralateral greater saphenous vein . J Vasc Surg . 2002;35:1085–1092
  15. Nichols W , O’Rourke MF . Properties of the arterial wall: theory Mcdonald’s blood flow in arteries . New York: Hodder Arnold; 2005;
  16. Upchurch GR , Gerhard-Herman MD , Sebastian MW , Belkin M , Conte MS , Donaldson MC , et al.   Improved graft patency and altered remodeling in infrainguinal vein graft reconstruction for aneurysmal versus occlusive disease . J Vasc Surg . 1999;29:1022–1030
  17. O’Rourke MF , Staessen JA , Vlachopoulos C , Duprez D , Plante GE . Clinical applications of arterial stiffness; definitions and reference values . Am J Hypertens . 2002;15:426–444
  18. Laurent S , Boutouyrie P , Asmar R , Gautier I , Laloux B , Guize L , et al.   Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive patients . Hypertension . 2001;37:1236–1241
  19. Blacher J , Guerin AP , Pannier B , Marchais SJ , Safar ME , London GM . Impact of aortic stiffness on survival in end-stage renal disease . Circulation . 1999;99:2434–2439
  20. Meaume S , Rudnichi A , Lynch A , Bussy C , Sebban C , Benetos A . Aortic pulse wave velocity as a marker of cardiovascular disease in subjects over 70 years old . J Hypertens . 2001;19:871–877
  21. Roman MJ , Devereux RB , Schwartz JE , Lockshin MD , Paget SA , Davis A , et al.   Arterial stiffness in chronic inflammatory diseases . Hypertension . 2005;46:194–199
  22. Yasmin  , McEniery CM , Wallace S , Mackenzie IS , Cockcroft JR , Wilkinson IB . C-reactive protein is associated with arterial stiffness in apparently healthy individuals . Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol . 2004;24:969–974
  23. Schwartz LB , O’Donohoe MK , Purut CM , Mikat EM , Hagen PO , McCann RL . Myointimal thickening in experimental vein grafts is dependent on wall tension . J Vasc Surg . 1992;15:176–186
  24. O’Brien JE , Ormont ML , Shi Y , Wang D , Zalewski A , Mannion JD . Early injury to the media after saphenous vein grafting . Ann Thorac Surg . 1998;65:1273–1278
  25. Gusic RJ , Myung R , Petko M , Gaynor JW , Gooch KJ . Shear stress and pressure modulate saphenous vein remodeling ex vivo . J Biomech . 2005;38:1760–1769
  26. Gusic RJ , Petko M , Myung R , William Gaynor J , Gooch KJ . Mechanical properties of native and ex vivo remodeled porcine saphenous veins . J Biomech . 2005;38:1770–1779
  27. Gentile AT , Mills JL , Westerband A , Gooden MA , Berman SS , Boswell CA , et al.   Characterization of cellular density and determination of neointimal extracellular matrix constituents in human lower extremity vein graft stenoses . Cardiovasc Surg . 1999;7:464–469
  28. Lantelme P , Mestre C , Lievre M , Gressard A , Milon H . Heart rate: an important confounder of pulse wave velocity assessment . Hypertension . 2002;39:1083–1087
  29. Davies AH , Magee TR , Baird RN , Sheffield E , Horrocks M . Pre-bypass morphological changes in vein grafts . Eur J Vasc Surg . 1993;7:642–647
  30. Milroy CM , Scott DJ , Beard JD , Horrocks M , Bradfield JW . Histological appearances of the long saphenous vein . J Pathol . 1989;159:311–316
  31. Barbone PE , Bamber JC . Quantitative elasticity imaging: what can and cannot be inferred from strain images . Phys Med Biol . 2002;47:2147–2164
  32. Taylor JR . Introduction to error analysis . Sausalito, CA: University Science Books; 1997;
  33. Hong MK , Mintz GS , Abizaid AS , Abizaid AS , Pichard AD , Satler LF , et al.   Intravascular ultrasound assessment of the presence of vascular remodeling in diseased human saphenous vein bypass grafts . Am J Cardiol . 1999;84:992–998
  34. Mendelsohn FO , Foster GP , Palacios IF , Weyman AE , Weissman NJ . In vivo assessment by intravascular ultrasound of enlargement in saphenous vein bypass grafts . Am J Cardiol . 1995;76:1066–1069
  35. Nishioka T , Luo H , Berglund H , Eigler NL , Kim CJ , Tabak SW , et al.   Absence of focal compensatory enlargement or constriction in diseased human coronary saphenous vein bypass grafts (An intravascular ultrasound study) . Circulation . 1996;93:683–690

 Supported by funding from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL75771 to M. A. C. and M. S. C.), and by the Clinical Investigator Training Program in Health, Science, and Technology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (C. D. O.).Competition of interest: none.

PII: S0741-5214(06)01024-X

doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2006.06.005

Journal of Vascular Surgery
Volume 44, Issue 4 , Pages 740-746 , October 2006

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution