Journal of Vascular Surgery
Volume 43, Issue 6 , Pages 1191-1196 , June 2006

Metabolic syndrome impairs physical function, health-related quality of life, and peripheral circulation in patients with intermittent claudication

  • Andrew W. Gardner, PhD

      Affiliations

    • CMRI Metabolic Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
    • Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, University of Maryland
    • Maryland Veterans Affairs Health Care System.
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests: Andrew W. Gardner, Ph.D., Hobbs-Recknagel Professor, CMRI Metabolic Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1122 Northeast 13th Street, ORI-W 1400, Oklahoma City, OK 73117.
    • ,
  • Polly S. Montgomery, MS

      Affiliations

    • CMRI Metabolic Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
    • Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, University of Maryland
    • Maryland Veterans Affairs Health Care System.
    • ,
  • Donald E. Parker, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center

Received 21 November 2005 ,Accepted 13 February 2006.

References 

  1. Criqui MH , Langer RD , Fronek A , Feigelson HS , Klauber MR , McCann TJ , et al.   Mortality over a period of 10 years in patients with peripheral arterial disease . N Engl J Med . 1992;326:381–386
  2. Howell MA , Colgan MP , Seeger RW , Ramsey DE , Sumner DS . Relationship of severity of lower limb peripheral vascular disease to mortality and morbidity (a six-year follow-up study) . J Vasc Surg . 1989;9:691–697
  3. McDermott MM , Feinglass J , Slavensky R , Pearce WH . The ankle-brachial index as a predictor of survival in patients with peripheral vascular disease . J Gen Intern Med . 1994;9:445–449
  4. McKenna M , Wolfson S , Kuller L . The ratio of ankle and arm arterial pressure as an independent predictor of mortality . Atherosclerosis . 1991;87:119–128
  5. Vogt MT , Cauley JA , Newman AB , Kuller LH , Hulley SB . Decreased ankle/arm blood pressure index and mortality in elderly women . JAMA . 1993;270:465–469
  6. Vogt MT , McKenna M , Anderson SJ , Wolfson SK , Kuller LH . The relationship between ankle-arm index and mortality in older men and women . J Am Geriatr Soc . 1993;41:523–530
  7. Vogt MT , Wolfson SK , Kuller LH . Segmental arterial disease in the lower extremities (correlates of disease and relationship to mortality) . J Clin Epidemiol . 1993;46:1267–1276
  8. Vogt MT , Wolfson SK , Kuller LH . Lower extremity arterial disease and the aging process (a review) . J Clin Epidemiol . 1992;45:529–542
  9. Weitz JI , Byrne J , Clagett GP , Farkouh ME , Porter JM , Sackett DL , et al.   Diagnosis and treatment of chronic arterial insufficiency of the lower extremities (a critical review) . Circulation . 1996;94:3026–3049
  10. Bonde-Petersen F . The effects of varying walking speeds when measuring the claudication distance on horizontal and sloping levels . Acta Chir Scand . 1967;133:627–630
  11. Gardner AW . Claudication pain and hemodynamic responses to exercise in younger and older peripheral arterial disease patients . J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci . 1993;48:M231–M236
  12. Gardner AW , Ricci MR , Case TD , Pilcher DB . Practical equations to predict claudication pain distances from a graded treadmill test . Vasc Med . 1996;1:91–96
  13. Hiatt WR , Nawaz D , Regensteiner JG , Hossack KF . The evaluation of exercise performance in patients with peripheral vascular disease . J Cardiopulmonary Rehabil . 1988;12:525–532
  14. Sieminski DJ , Gardner AW . The relationship between free-living daily physical activity and the severity of peripheral arterial occlusive disease . Vasc Med . 1997;2:286–291
  15. Feinglass J , McCarthy WJ , Slavensky R , Manheim LM , Martin GJ  the Chicago Claudication Outcomes Research Group . Effect of lower extremity blood pressure on physical functioning in patients who have intermittent claudication . J Vasc Surg . 1996;24:503–512
  16. Sieminski DJ , Cowell LL , Montgomery PS , Pillai SB , Gardner AW . Physical activity monitoring in peripheral arterial occlusive disease patients . J Cardiopulmonary Rehabil . 1997;17:43–47
  17. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults . Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) . JAMA . 2001;285:2486–2497
  18. Dekker JM , Girman C , Rhodes T , Nijpels G , Stehouwer CDA , Bouter LM , et al.   Metabolic syndrome and 10-year cardiovascular disease risk in the Hoorn Study . Circulation . 2005;112:666–673
  19. Pentecost MJ , Criqui MH , Dorros G , Goldstone J , Johnston KW , Martin EC , et al.   Guidelines for peripheral percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the abdominal aorta and lower extremity vessels . Circulation . 1994;89:511–531
  20. Gardner AW , Skinner JS , Cantwell BW , Smith LK . Progressive vs single-stage treadmill tests for evaluation of claudication . Med Sci Sports Exerc . 1991;23:402–408
  21. Ford ES , Giles WH , Dietz WH . Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among US adults . JAMA . 2002;287:356–359
  22. Gardner AW , Killewich LA , Katzel LI , Womack CJ , Montgomery PS , Otis RB , et al.   Relationship between free-living daily physical activity and peripheral circulation in patients with intermittent claudication . Angiology . 1999;50:289–297
  23. Gardner AW . Reliability of transcutaneous oximeter electrode power during exercise in patients with intermittent claudication . Angiology . 1997;48:229–235
  24. Womack CJ , Sieminski DJ , Katzel LI , Yataco A , Gardner AW . Improved walking economy in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease . Med Sci Sports Exerc . 1997;29:1286–1290
  25. Montgomery PS , Gardner AW . The clinical utility of a 6-minute walk test in peripheral arterial occlusive disease patients . J Am Geriatr Soc . 1998;46:706–711
  26. Regensteiner JG , Steiner JF , Panzer RL , Hiatt WR . Evaluation of walking impairment by questionnaire in patients with peripheral arterial disease . J Vasc Med Biol . 1990;2:142–152
  27. Guralnik JM , Simonsick EM , Ferrucci L , Glynn RJ , Berkman LF , Blazer DG , et al.   A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function (association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission) . J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci . 1994;49:M85–M94
  28. Guralnik JM , Ferrucci L , Simonsick EM , Salive ME , Wallace RB . Lower extremity function in persons over the age of 70 years as a predictor of subsequent disability . N Engl J Med . 1995;332:556–561
  29. Gardner AW , Montgomery PS , Killewich LA . Natural history of physical function in patients with intermittent claudication . J Vasc Surg . 2004;40:73–78
  30. Bartman BA , Rosen MJ , Bradham DD , Weissman J , Hochberg M , Revicki DA . Relationship between health status and utility measures in older claudicants . Qual Life Res . 1998;7:67–73
  31. Gardner AW , Poehlman ET . Assessment of free-living daily physical activity in older claudicants (Validation against the doubly labeled water technique) . J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci . 1998;53A:M275–M280
  32. Ware JE , Sherbourne CD . The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) . Med Care . 1992;30:473–483
  33. Gardner AW , Sieminski DJ , Killewich LA . The effect of cigarette smoking on free-living daily physical activity in older claudication patients . Angiology . 1997;48:947–955
  34. Gardner AW , Ricci MA , Case TD , Pilcher DB . Practical equations to predict claudication pain distances from a graded treadmill test . Vasc Med . 1996;1:91–96
  35. Wyatt MG , Scott PMJ , Scott DJA , Poskett K , Baird RN , Horrocks M . Effect of weight on claudication distance . Br J Surg . 1991;78:1386–1388
  36. Whaley MH , Kampert JB , Kohl HW , Blair SN . Physical fitness and clustering of risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome . Med Sci Sports Exerc . 1999;31:287–293
  37. Frau G . Transcutaneous PO2 response to transient arterial occlusion in peripheral vascular disease detected by heating power oximeter . Angiology . 2001;52:851–857

 Andrew W. Gardner, PhD, was supported by grants from the National Institute on Aging (NIA) (R01-AG-16685, K01-00657), by a Claude D. Pepper Older American Independence Center grant from NIA (P60-AG12583), by a Geriatric, Research, Education, and Clinical Center grant (GRECC) from the Veterans Affairs administration, and by a National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources, General Clinical Research Center grant (M01-RR-14467).Competition of interest: none.CME article

PII: S0741-5214(06)00390-9

doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2006.02.042

Journal of Vascular Surgery
Volume 43, Issue 6 , Pages 1191-1196 , June 2006

Article Tools