Focused screening for occult carotid artery disease: patients with known heart disease are at high risk

Relationship between types of heart disease and occult CAS among screened patients (n = 170). Gray bars, Number of patients; black diamonds, percent of patients with CAS. CAD, Coronary artery disease; CAS, carotid artery stenosis.

Comparison of prevalence of demographic risk factors in patients without CAS (black bars), with unilateral CAS (light gray bars), and with bilateral CAS (dark gray bars). CAS, Carotid artery stenosis; Hi chol, hypercholesterolemia; Htn, hypertension.

Direct costs per patient (black squares) per screening session. Gray bars indicate number of patients screened.